By the end of kindergarten, children should be able to recognize all uppercase/lowercase letters, know their sounds, read 30+ sight words, and write simple CVC words. Math skills include counting to 100, recognizing numbers 0-20, and basic addition/subtraction within 10. Socially, they should follow 2-3 step directions, manage personal belongings, and show basic emotional regulation

• Reading & Writing: Recognize/write all 26 letters, identify letter sounds, read CVC words (cat, map), write their first/last name, and read 30+ high-frequency sight words (the, and, is).
• Math: Count to 100 by ones and tens, recognize numbers 0-20, understand 1-to-1 correspondence (counting objects), and solve basic addition/subtraction within 10.
• Cognitive & Motor Skills: Identify basic shapes (circle, square, triangle), sort objects by color/size, use scissors safely, and hold a pencil correctly.
• Social & Emotional: Follow 2-3 step directions, share materials, pay attention for 15-20 minutes, work independently, and express needs/wants in words.

Science:

• Life Science: Students should understand that plants and animals need food, water, and light, and they can change their environment. They should recognize life cycles and the differences between living things.
• Physical Science: Students should know that objects are made of materials (clay, wood, cloth) with distinct properties. They should understand the concepts of push/pull, motion, and how materials can change.
• Earth and Space Science: Students should identify daily weather changes and how they change across seasons, as well as the effects of the sun on the Earth’s surface (e.g., creating shade, heat). 

Social Studies:

• Civics and Government:

• • • Understand the purpose of rules in the classroom, home, and community.
    • Recognize authority figures and the importance of fairness and respect.
    • Identify key American symbols (flag, bald eagle, Statue of Liberty).

• Geography:

• • • Understand that maps are drawings and globes are models of Earth.
    • Identify basic land and water features.
    • Know their own city, state, and country.

• History:

• • • Distinguish between past, present, and future.
    • Learn about national holidays (e.g., MLK Jr. Day, Thanksgiving).
    • Understand that families and communities may change over time.

• Economics:

• • • Differentiate between needs and wants.
    • Understand that people work to earn income.
    • Recognize the difference between goods and services.

• Culture:

• • Describe their own culture (food, clothing, language) and compare it with others.
  • Understand their family’s heritage and traditions.