By the end of first grade, students are expected to read simple books fluently, write complete sentences with basic punctuation, and add/subtract within 20 while understanding numbers up to 100. They should recognize sight words, identify story elements (character, setting), and develop independence in following multi-step directions.

Reading and Language Arts

• Reading Skills: Read 100–150+ sight words, decode unknown words, and read at a Level I-J.
• Comprehension: Retell stories, identify main characters/setting, and answer “who, what, where” questions.
• Writing: Write clear sentences, use periods/question marks, and use correct capitalization.
• Phonics: Understand long/short vowels, consonant blends, and rhyming. 

Mathematics

• Numbers & Operations: Count, read, and write numbers up to 100. Add/subtract within 20 accurately.
• Place Value: Understand tens and ones.
• Measurement & Geometry: Tell time to the half-hour, measure objects using tools (e.g., paperclips), and identify 2D/3D shapes. 

Science and Social Studies

• Science: Observe and describe the properties of materials and basic life cycles.
• Social Studies: Understand the difference between past, present, and future, and identify basic community roles and maps.